Poland’s Senate on Thursday, passes the ‘Holocaust bill’, a highly controversial law that would impose jail terms for any Holocaust accusations against Poles as well as descriptions of Nazi death camps as Polish. The bill will now be sent to President Andrzej Duda for signature.
The law prohibits allegation by historians and even Holocaust survivors claiming that Poles were complicit in the Nazi crimes executed on Polish soil.
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The bill drawing concern from the U.S. State Department said the legislation “could undermine free speech and academic discourse”.
Israeli politicians, survivors, and experts of the Nazi Holocaust lashed out at Poland for approving a law which denounced “any attempt to challenge historical truth”.
Germany operated six extermination camps in Poland including Auschwitz, Treblinka, Belzec, and Sobibor. In one, Auschwitz Birkenau camp, more than 1.1 million Jews were murdered.
More than three million of Poland’s 3.2 million Jews were consistently hunted and murdered by the Nazis. About half of the Jews killed in the Holocaust.
According to the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Germans also killed at least 1.9 million non-Jewish Polish civilians.
Poland’s ruling Law and Justice party (PiS) says the bill is needed to protect Poland’s reputation and ensure historians recognize that Poles, as well as Jews, perished under the Nazis. Israeli officials said it criminalizes basic historical facts.
“We, the Poles, were victims, as were the Jews,” Deputy Prime Minister Beata Szydlo, a senior PiS figure and supporter of the law, said on Wednesday before the vote, Reuters reported. “It is a duty of every Pole to defend the good name of Poland. Just as the Jews, we were victims.”
Under the new law violators would face three years in prison for mentioning the term “Polish death camps”, although the bill says scientific research into World War Two would not be constrained.
The Israeli Foreign Ministry’s spokesman Emmanuel Nahshon said on Twitter: “Israel views with utmost gravity any attempt to challenge historical truth. No law will change the facts.”
The bill has come at a time when rightwing, anti-immigrant parties like PiS have been in the ascendancy in Europe, especially in the former Communist countries of the east. EU officials have expressed alarm over the PiS administration in Poland, which they say has undermined the rule of law by exerting pressure over the courts and media.
The ruling PiS, a socially conservative, nationalist group, has reignited debate on the Holocaust as part of a campaign to fuel patriotism since sweeping into power in 2015.
“We are also concerned about the repercussions this draft legislation if enacted, could have on Poland’s strategic interests and relationships,” State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said in a statement.
Piotr Buras, head of the Warsaw office of the European Council on Foreign Relations think tank, told Reuters it was likely to push Poland further toward nationalism and isolation.
“The president will have to sign it – otherwise it would mean he is giving into international pressure. But the external criticism will, of course, push the government further into the position of a besieged fortress, strengthening both the nationalistic rhetoric…and the nationalistic mood in the country.”
Poland had Europe’s largest Jewish population and became ground zero for Hitler’s plan to exterminate the Jews called the “Final Solution.”
Many thousands of Poles risked their lives to protect their Jewish neighbors; Israel’s Yad Vashem Holocaust center recognizes 6,706 Poles as “righteous among nations” for bravery in resisting the Holocaust, more than any other nationality.
But Poland has also gone through a painful public debate in recent years about guilt and reconciliation over the Holocaust, after the publication of research showing some Poles participated in the Nazi German atrocities. Many Poles have refused to accept such findings, which have challenged a national narrative that the country was solely a victim.
A 2017 survey by the Polish Center for Research on Prejudice showed that more than 55 percent of Poles were “annoyed” by talk of Polish participation in crimes against Jews.
Poland has long sought to discourage use of the term “Polish camps” to refer to Nazi camps on its territory, arguing that the phrase implies complicity.
European Council President Donald Tusk, a former Polish prime minister and political foe of the PiS, said the bill had the opposite of its intended effect, tarnishing Poland’s name and encouraging the view of history it aimed to criminalize.
“Anyone who spreads a false statement about ‘Polish camps’ harms the good name and interests of Poland,” Tusk said on his private Twitter account. “The authors of the bill have promoted this vile slander all over the world, effectively as nobody has before.”
By Reuters and staff
